Assessing Population Estimation Protocols for Sitka Black-tailed Deer Using DNA from Fecal Pellets
نویسندگان
چکیده
.......................................................................................................................................... v Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Study Areas ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Methods........................................................................................................................................... 4 Field Sampling, Chichagof Island: 2010–2011 ........................................................................... 4 Field Sampling, GMU 3: 2012.................................................................................................... 6 Deer DNA Analyses .................................................................................................................... 8 Comparison of DNA Collection Methods................................................................................... 8 PG Encounter Rates .................................................................................................................... 8 Paths versus Straight-Line Transect Sampling ........................................................................... 9 Chichagof Abundance and Density Estimation 2010–2011 ....................................................... 9 Sampling Design and the Effects of Sampling Intensity and Deer Numbers ........................... 12 Sampling design .................................................................................................................... 12 The effect of spatial sampling intensity and number of deer ................................................ 12 The effect of inter-node proximity ........................................................................................ 13 Estimation with a single visit ................................................................................................ 13 Assessing the assumptions of the spatial mark-recapture model .......................................... 13 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 14 Deer DNA Analyses on Chichagof Island ................................................................................ 14 Deer DNA Analyses in GMU 3: 2012 ...................................................................................... 18 Comparison of DNA Collection Methods................................................................................. 18 PG Encounter Rates .................................................................................................................. 19 Paths versus Straight-Line Transect Sampling ......................................................................... 19 Chichagof Abundance and Density Estimation 2010–2011 ..................................................... 21 Model selection ..................................................................................................................... 21 Population and density estimates .......................................................................................... 25 Sampling Design and the Effects of Sampling Intensity and Deer Numbers ........................... 27 Sampling design .................................................................................................................... 27 Final Wildlife Research Report ADF&G/DWC/WRR-2014-1 i Spatial sampling intensity and deer numbers........................................................................ 27 The effect of inter-node proximity ........................................................................................ 32 Estimation with a single visit ................................................................................................ 32 Assessing the assumptions of the spatial mark-recapture model .......................................... 32 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 35 Deer DNA Analyses .................................................................................................................. 35 Comparison of DNA collection methods .................................................................................. 35 Pellet Group Encounter Rates ................................................................................................... 35 Path versus Straight-line Transect Sampling ............................................................................ 36 Chichagof Abundance and Density Estimation 2010–2011 ..................................................... 36 Sampling Design and the Effects of Sampling Intensity and Deer Numbers ........................... 37 Sampling design .................................................................................................................... 37 The effect of spatial sampling intensity and numbers of deer .............................................. 38 The effect of inter-node proximity ........................................................................................ 38 Estimation with a single visit ................................................................................................ 38 Assessing the assumptions of the spatial mark-recapture model .......................................... 38 Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 39 Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................... 40 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................................. 40 Appendix A. .................................................................................................................................. 43
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